Essay about The Golem What You Should Know About Science

Reading the Golem was really challenging and enthusiastic, mainly at the thorough, and, for the most part, lucid and relevant approach they look at real situations and cases as the principal content of the Golem. The book is simple and straightforward, addressed for the citizen living in a technological society, and the writing is generally clear, concise and to the point. The Golem addresses the idea of how scientist and sociologist do it, and debate within each other in descriptive and normality, in other words, controversial science. It consisted of (7) seven controversial cases of experimental science on the frontier of research and aims to solve the problem of how to present science to the citizen living in such a way that one will†¦show more content†¦One of which was the discovery of a new form of brain peptide research that had more easily measurable and easily agreed about effects. In chapter 2, in addressing to the question on page 107, The question is, will they gain the attention of the scientific community? My opinion is no. Here, the question is really depends on whether he or she or someone else will produce better explanations of the problems, with better experiment data and less variance. Lots of scientists and sociologist are still working on the problem, and there are new theoretical and experimental ideas. Thus, may all add up to something, or may not depending upon whether we are clever enough to find a way to untangle and solve the problems. As a conclusion, I am in the eccentric stance of agreeing with the message of the Golem. I found that reading the book, agreeing and disagreeing with them pushed me into a useful thinking and rethinking exercise, since both agreements and disagreements broadened my view of subjects I thought I knew. This book portrays a serious attempt to address the problem of communicating scientific and technological issues to wider audience. Reference: Collins, H. and Pinch, T., (1998), The Golem: What You Should Know about Science, Cambridge University Press. Nickles, T., The Golem: What Everyone Should Know about Science by Harry Collins; Trevor Pinch, The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 46, No. 2. (Jun., 1995), pp. 261-266.Show MoreRelatedFrankenstein Study Guide14107 Words   |  57 Pagesgenres that relate by theme or topic to the main reading. Each work in the Library has a two-part Study Guide that contains a variety of resources for both you and your students. Use the Guide to plan your instruction of the work and enrich your classroom presentations. In For the Teacher you will find these time-saving instructor aids: †¢ About the Work: pertinent background information on the work and a detailed synopsis of its plot. †¢ Media Links: annotated listings of audio, visual, electronicRead MoreEssay about Social And Ethical Impact Of Artificial Intelligence1370 Words   |  6 Pagescomputer has been reversed. Before we knew that the computer only understood what we programmed it to understand; however, now the majority of our society is learning more from computers than they are able to input into it. Dumm (1986 p.69) History The human aspiration to create intelligent machines has appeared in myth and literature for thousands of years, from stories of Pygmalion to the tales of the Jewish Golem. Anat Treister-Goren, Ph.D. (http://www.a-i.com/) The concepts of the developmentRead MoreSocial and Ethical Impact of Artificial Intelligence Essay examples1503 Words   |  7 PagesContents Introduction III History III What is Artificial Intelligence? 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Abstract Page I have researched on the Horror genre, looking at when it begun, the decline in popularity it has foreseen and how it has been able to recreate itself each time. I looked at comedy horror films and what part it plays within the film industry. I found that parody films like Scream are made to reinvent the genre. It quotes previous horror films as well as re-enact a horror story. I also found that pastiche films like Scary Movie are solely to entertainRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 Pagesmagical and philosophical material, or for a combination of all three reasons. At all events, a similar method of presentation is apparent in one of the principal sources of The Aim of the Sage, the encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity (Ihwà ¢n al-Safà ¢). What follows is a survey of the whole, with a sketch of the sources, as far as they can at present be identified. No attempt has been made to impose a logical order on the illogicality of the book. Book I In the preface, after some autobiographical materialRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesis protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained f rom the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. ManyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagess Essais sur la signification au cinema, volume 1, was published by Editions Klincksieck in 1971,  © Editions Klincksieck, 1968. ÃŽËœThe paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences-Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1992. To George Blin, Profesor at the Collà ¨ge de France, whithout whom none of these pages would have been started. CONTENTS A Note on the Translation by Bertrand Augst, ix Preface

Project Management The Iron Triangle Of Cost, Time, And...

Historically, project success has been directly tied to the Iron Triangle of cost, time, and quality. While most of the articles reviewed for this study refer to these standards for success criteria, the overwhelming majority find that they are not enough to fully define what success is. Atkinson (1999) defined two types of errors in project management and places using the Iron Triangle as success criteria into the category of not doing something as well as it could be done. This comes from an understanding that projects that meet cost, time, and quality requirements can still be considered failures while projects that run over on cost and time can still be considered successes (Belassi Tukel, 1996; Dvir Shenhar, 2003). Anton de Wit (1988) found that success is time dependent and that a project may be perceived a success one day and a failure the next. Many researchers have made an important distinction between project success criteria and success factors. Typically, success criteria are defined as result areas and success factors are defined as organizational areas (Westerveld, 2003). Furthermore, the terms are used to differentiate between project success and project management success (Cooke-Davies, 2002). In general, researchers believe that making a clear distinction between factors and criteria will lead to increased project success (Munns Bjeirmi, 1996). This can also be looked at as the difference between efficiency and effectiveness, which are oftenShow MoreRelatedProject Management : The Iron Triangle1620 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounding, project management has turned into a key concept to implement and comprehend projects attempted by every one of the organizations. Before being able to understand that the project management triangle or The Iron Triangle is, a definition of project management is necessary. According to Lewis, scheduling, arranging, and controlling of exercises that have been undertaken to meet project targets is defined as project management. The main objectives that need to be satisfied are cost, quality, andRead MoreBeyond the ‘Iron Triangle’: Stakeholder Perception of Key Performance Indikator (Kpis) in Large-Scale Public Sector Development Projects941 Words   |  4 PagesBeyond the ‘iron triangle’: Stakeholder perception of key performance indikator (KPIs) in large-scale public sector development projects Objectives This research has objectives to investigate the perception of the key performance indicator (KPIs) in the context of large construction project in Thailand (Second Bangkok International Airport or Suvarna bhumi Airport). The research attempted to achieve the following objective: 1. The significance of key performance indicators in perspectiveRead MoreClassical And Classical Project Management1473 Words   |  6 PagesProject management changes continually with the increasing uncertainty and complexity in contemporary projects, which makes classical project management become fall out with the times. According to Atkinson (cites in Cicmil Hodgson, 2006) traditional project management uses time, cost and scope of plan as a major standard in a project, which is called iron triangle principal. Both Cullen Parker, (2015) and Ã…  pundak (2014) mention that although the classical still can be applied to all projectsRead MoreWhat Is Project Success From My Perspective?1287 Words   |  6 PagesHow to define project success from my perspective? In recent decades, a set of issues have been triggered by the fact concerning how to define project success. Some claim that the traditional views are still suitable to define project success, such as under budget, within schedule and acceptable quality. These traditional criteria are well-known as â€Å"Golden Triangle† or â€Å"Iron Triangle†, which has been used to assess project success over several decades. However, these criteria have been criticisedRead MoreKey Elements Of Project Success Essay1787 Words   |  8 PagesThis constraint constructs a triangle with geometric proportions illustrating the strong interpedently relationship between these factors. If there is requirement to shift any one of these factors then at least one of the other factors must also be manipulated. 3.0 Discussion of Triple Constraints Most scholars have accepted generally the triple constraints as key elements of project success. If one of these three constraints get reduces it will have an impact on the other one, balancing betweenRead MoreA Big Success For The People Of Australia And At The Same Time Essay1786 Words   |  8 Pagesnitially planned. But the project was a big success for the people of Australia and at the same time a big failure from the project management point of view. But nobody remember the missed objectives. On the other hand, the Millennium Dome in London was a project completed on timThis constraint constructs a triangle with geometric proportions illustrating the strong interpedently relationship between these factors. If there is requirement to shift any one of these factors then at least one of theRead Moreproject success: success factor and success criteria Essay2754 Words   |  12 PagesAN ESSAY ON PROJECT SUCCESS DEFINED BY SUCCESS FACTORS AND SUCCESS CRITERIA by M. Shaw Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm       Winston Churchill INTRODUCTION 1. Since the 1960s there have been an increasing number of Project Management scholars that have expressed concerns regarding the ways to manage the success or failure of a project. Crawford (2000) theorised that there are two major avenues of thought in this area being: how successRead MoreThe Importance Of A Project Manager With Gibbs Reflective Cycle ( Gibbs ) Essay1029 Words   |  5 PagesIn this report here I will try to highlight an event during my time as a Project Manager with my present organisation in 2013. I will be analysing the event in line with Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle (GIBBS, 1988), as per the diagram below. Figure 1 Gibbs Reflective Cycle(GIBBS, 1988) 2. PD REFLECTION Background Before I undertook the job as a Project Manager at my present organisation, I had been working as a Mechanical Engineer in the Oil Energy sector for nearly six years. My current organisationRead MoreProject Management Methodology Is Optimal Continues1648 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Emerging evidence seems to indicate the debate over which project management methodology is optimal continues. Agile approaches which include Iterative and Adaptive models (i.e. Scrum) are at one end of the spectrum. Traditional approaches which includes Linear and Incremental models (i.e. Waterfall) at the other end. With a growing demand to deliver quality products in rapidly changing global market, project managers are required to be creative in their selected approach. Which methodologyRead MoreProject Success And Success Criteria1376 Words   |  6 Pages2.4 Project Success and Success Criteria The idea of the project success and its criteria has remained vague, due to the wide perspective it carries (Liu and Walker, 1998). Project success has always been seen as an abstract notion, thus it is very complex to determine if a project is a success or not (Chan et al, 2002). Thus, the criteria for measuring the project’s success are normally agreed and accepted by all parties, before beginning the project. Else, it is hard to control the trajectory

Mandatory Military Service Essay Free Essays

As many other countries mandate young adults partaking in the military for two years, the United States should follow suit. Many beneficial consequences would be rendered as a result of the increase in service. This would also be a great commencement into the real world for any young adult. We will write a custom essay sample on Mandatory Military Service Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now These statements can be explored by discussing the benefits of free college tuition, disciplined young adults who are ready to follow orders, and the sheer power of numbers. One exceptional perk of joining the military would be free college tuition. This would allow the students who have not excelled as fast as others a doorway to achieve their full potential. This would also benefit the United States as a whole country. Along with expanding the population of the military, this would also increase the knowledge of the United States. In theory, the educated veterans would make the military more powerful, efficient, and more intelligent overall. The United States would stand superior in any conflict to other nations. The availability of free education would also stimulate the economy in the long run. This is evident because the more educated the people are, the better jobs they would occupy. As a result, they would make more money and therefore have access to spend more money. The more money that they have means that they would be adding to the economy. Taking two short years out of someone’s life to help serve their country and set them up for success later in life is not a bad trade. If the United States installed the mandate for service, young adults will look back and be thrilled that they have done what they’ve done and are where they are because of the foundations the military setup early in life. Some people argue that young adults will not take advantage of the opportunity set before them. Does this seem counterproductive for the young adults not to enroll in the free secondary education? No! If the young adult does not want to better themselves, what makes people think they would want to better their country? These people are better left to fill in the roles unoccupied at the bottom of corporate ladders. Another benefit of mandating the service of young adults is that they would be disciplined and setup for success in life as a productive citizen of the United States. Military boot camp is designed to break the recruit down to where they are not better than any other recruit, and then they train them to do their best in every task they approach. This creates unrivaled discipline and extreme excellence in every operation the United States military executes. Not only will this be useful while in military service, but also when they begin to operate in the working world. This requirement will unify the working force as a result of the mandated service. Businesses will be able to work efficiently and accurately in all that they accomplish. Again, this will improve the United States as a country. Why would the United States refuse this mandate? The only reason would be that they bring the law down to the lowest denominator of the few people who argue with the benefits. These people might say that not all people are designed to be in the military. However, the military has jobs for every make and model. Every talent is useful to the military. Making young adult serve in the military for two years would actually give them time to figure out what their future career is meant to be. Some people cannot ever be satisfied, and would object to anything! On the contrary, decisions that have the abundance of benefits as mandating service for young adults should be instated immediately! The third major gratuity of mandating the service of young adults is mainly for the benefit of the military itself and the United States. The variable of manpower in a war is not always the deciding factor. However, it would not hurt to have a couple of hundred thousand extra people at a countries disposal. This must look awful from an ordinary citizen’s point of view. Then there is this question; would you rather lose a fraction of the population, or the whole country? Not to mention the possible enslavement as a conquered people; treated as subhuman and having their rights ripped from their grasp. Nobody in any country would want that outcome to occur in their country. As people look back in history, they discover and marvel at the battle of Thermopylae. How did such an untrained military defeat the most strict, handpicked, elite group of warriors? The answer is oblivious! It was an estimated three hundred thousand Persian warriors against three hundred Spartan soldiers. This is why the United States needs to mandate young adults to serve two years in the military. So that not only will we have a superior military in tactics, and education, we will also have the overwhelming power of numbers. As always, people do not have to go too far before they find a person who disagrees, and thinks everyone should have the choice of whether to serve their country. Their main argument with this is that they say it violates the constitution. However, this would not be the first time that the United States has done something like this. They drafted people during the Vietnam War. People also argue that it will decrease the honor of veterans who would serve regardless of a draft. On the contrary, people gain honor through what they actually accomplish, not what they think about accomplishing. This policy should be discussed in government as soon as possible if it is not already being heavily debated. The government, along with the citizens of the United States backing the mandate, would create the most powerful nation to ever face the earth. With the benefits listed and discussed above, the decision is easier than deciding where to each lunch. So why has the United States not already signed it off their agendas and began the process of creating a more powerful, unstoppable United States? How to cite Mandatory Military Service Essay, Essay examples

Effects of Romantic Relationship of Academic Performance free essay sample

I have convinced myself that there is absolutely nothing in the world, no sky, no earth, no minds, no bodies. Does it now follow that I, too, do not exist? No. If I convinced myself of something [or thought anything at all], then I certainly existed. But there is a deceiver of supreme power and cunning who deliberately and constantly deceives me. In that case, I, too, undoubtedly exist, if he deceives me; and let him deceive me as much as he can, he will never bring it about that I am nothing, so long as I think that I am something. So, after considering everything very thoroughly, I must finally conclude that the proposition,  I am, I exist,  is necessarily true whenever it is put forward by me or conceived in my mind. (AT VII 25; CSM II 16–17) There are three important notes to keep in mind here. First, he claims only the certainty of  his own  existence from the first-person point of view — he has not proved the existence of other minds at this point. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Romantic Relationship of Academic Performance or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is something that has to be thought through by each of us for ourselves, as we follow the course of the meditations. Second, he does not say that his existence is necessary; he says that  if he thinks, then necessarily he exists (see the  instantiation principle). Third, this proposition I am, I exist is held true not based on a deduction (as mentioned above) or on empirical induction but on the clarity and self-evidence of the proposition. Descartes does not use this first certainty, the  cogito, as a foundation upon which to build further knowledge; rather, it is the firm ground upon which he can stand as he works to restore his beliefs. As he puts it: Archimedes used to demand just one firm and immovable point in order to shift the entire earth; so I too can hope for great things if I manage to find just one thing, however slight, that is certain and unshakable. (AT VII 24; CSM II 16) According to many of Descartes specialists, including  Etienne Gilson, the goal of Descartes in establishing this first truth is to demonstrate the capacity of his criterion — the immediate clarity and distinctiveness of self-evident propositions — to establish true and justified propositions despite having adopted a method of generalized doubt. As a consequence of this demonstration, Descartes considers science and mathematics to be justified to the extent that their proposals are established on a similarly immediate clarity, distinctiveness, and self-evidence that presents itself to the mind. The originality of Descartes thinking, therefore, is not so much in expressing the cogito — a feat accomplished by other predecessors, as we shall see — but on using the cogito as demonstrating the most fundamental epistemological principle, that science and mathematics are justified by relying on clarity, distinctiveness, and self-evidence. Baruch Spinoza  in Principia philosophiae cartesianae at its  Prolegomenon  identified cogito ergo sum the ego sum cogitans (I am a thinking being) as the thinking  substance  with his  ontological  interpretation. It can also be considered that  Cogito ergo sum  is needed before any living being can go further in life. [3]

Social Networking free essay sample

Social media has consumed our society. 47% of American adults used social networking sites in 2011 like Facebook, Myspace, and Twitter; up from 26% in 2008(quoted from procon. org) The aspects of social media both have a positive and negative impact on life. Social networking sites promote interaction with distant family and friends. Social networking sites can demonstrate opportunities to strengthen existing relationships and to develop new friendships as well. The downfall of social media sites prevent less face to face communication. Also, social media has been known to be more likely to spread false, and even potentially dangerous information. Questions come about quite often about social networking sites, and if they are good for our society. As a member of our society social networking can have a positive or negative influence in school, relationships, promoting business, and self expression. While others may view social media as a negative influence, for me, the issue hinges on how social networking sites are being used and displayed accordingly. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Social networking sites have become more popular and users have expanded from teens to young adults, and now are even including individuals over 50 years of age. While social media inherent risks, there are also many potential benefits. When social networking sites are brought up, most people think of all the negative aspects of it, but I believe that there is good in all circumstances. Why do you think social media can hang onto a negative reputation? For some, social media has a negative effect because of the potential harm it may cause. Two-thirds of all teachers believe that social media does more to distract students than to help them academically. (quoted from procon. org) Different surveys and studies have been conducted regarding students that use social media while in school are more likely to make their GPA drop more than students who are not involved with social media. Even though social media may potentially change the world for the better, it has greatly effected student academics. With the opportunity to immediately open up any social media network conveniently on a smart phone, it becomes such a distraction in the classroom. Not only can students post negative statements about teachers, but just as much drama can accumulate regarding their peers. Social networking sites can influence negative behaviors and consequences in some relationships. A survey of the nations top lawyers show more clients are coming to divorce court armed with social media evidence to prove spouses are cheating, according to Fox News. Individuals are reconnecting with old grammar school sweethearts on social networking sites. In the beginning, the motto is just to reconnect. Unfortunately, once one is lured in, the physical relationship outside of social media is put to flames. Social media sites can not only break relationships by marriage, but relationships through friendship. A small joke with one close friend can be sent to or seen by three others and potentially be taken the wrong way. What occurs between friendships over social media sites can be harmful because it is not face to face communication. Many times it is very hard to be fully capable in expressing emotional feeling through social media. Friendships are broken because of social media. Couples should always be fully aware of how much they are exposing on cyberspace. Behind any device, individuals are able to say whatever they are feeling to whoever that want. In reality, social network can be very harmful in someones life. Although social media has advantages to advertising your business. Social networking sites also run the risk of allowing customers to post negative comments about your business. The hassle of running and updating the social networking site will take many hours and dedication. While promoting business on social media avoid posts that are unprofessional. Be sure to proofread tweets or posts before posting them. Misspelled words and errors are a turn off for prospective customers. Being unprofessional online can also lead to a negative reputation. When posting on social media, business hours can get busy and not have enough time to post. Make sure when you are using social media, it is not used to much or not used enough. If the business page is not updated often, your posts could get overlooked by your friends and followers as well. Using social media can be time consuming if you do not understand it, but likewise it could help your business in the future. Walk thru the halls of any high school, look around at any restaurant and you will notice one person taking a picture of them self. Self expression is vital to understanding yourself and your very own uniqueness to the world. This particular topic may not seem as much a big deal; however, self expression is an important part of one’s life. It is not good for a person’s psychological well being to limit self expression through social media. Many times individuals can become consumed with who they are behind social media. Social networking can become addicting and eventually life threatening to one self, or others that they could come in contact with. Discover and set boundaries to help prevent hiding behind social media. From the positive point of view, students are able to gain important skills from social networking sites while at school. Lauren Gerber stated, â€Å"Far from being a source of distraction and danger, social networking sites offer teenagers the opportunity to navigate everyday technology, learn valuable computer and social skills, and polish their language proficiency. Acquiring computer skills will help them find jobs later in their careers and prepares them for a professional environment in which computers are common place. † For a long period of time school districts have banned mobile internet usage. Many reasons are because social media was becoming a distraction. Moreover, today social media is becoming more allowable in schools and is being used educationally. Classroom learning is now competing with social networking sites. By creating educational sites, similar to social networking, schools are creating more opportunities to enhance learning. Educational social networking sites are also becoming more enjoyable for students. Social networking sites can be a great attribute in developing new friendships. A study on the internet shows that teens are much more likely to report that using social media has a positive impact on their social and emotional lives than a negative one. (quote commonsensemedia. org) Depending on your point of view, some believe a positive of social media is openly displaying their relationships. Social networking sites allow people to interact with more people then on a week to week ratio. Social media is able to open the door with more opportunities to new ideas and resources. Nonetheless, having the access to quickly pull up a new friends profile is helpful with small talk and conversation starters. Social media is starting to put the communication factor back in relationships. From all walks of life, social media allows you to connect with more people. Social networking sites largest source of revenue is considered advertising. Positive aspects of promoting business through social media is that it can reach millions of people around the world. Social networking sites are an inexpensive way to promote business. Social media will also keep existing and new clients talking about your business. These sites allow you to inform your followers and friends of upcoming promotions and even secret sales simply and quickly. Clients can post experiences on your page that they have had with your company. Personal reviews can always help with new customers too. With almost all social networking sites being free, advertising your business on these sites would be crazy not do so. Social networking can offer a fast and simple way for customers to touch base with you on a problem or a quick question. Using social media to promote business does not require high level skills. An average person with a standard computer should have no difficulty at all. Anyone that desires to master the internet universe is considered taking on a massive undertaking called the social network. Lastly, self expression through social media can be used in a positive way. By allowing users to share everyday life happenings through pictures and stories. Different social media networks offer creative ideas and portray new resources to help your imagination develop new opportunities. By using self expressing qualities friends are able to share different hobbies and adventures. Business people, soldiers, and students studying or working in other countries are able to share life experiences and joys with friends and relative literally around the world. This provides a low cost way of communicating that brings encouragement and excitement to any relationship that benefits as a result of social media. By becoming fully aware of the advantages and disadvantages around social networking sites, it is up to the user. Whether they are willing to make a positive or negative impact with the social media. Social media becomes our responsibility, if we choose to use this technology properly or improperly. Since, in the long run we are the ones benefiting from social networking sites. Even though social networking sites have negative influences, the positive impacts heavily out weigh them. The good things that social media offers should not be overlooked and clouded by the negative. I would encourage everyone to use social networking sites, but to always remember to use them wisely, with discernment, knowing that what some people use to cause harm can actually be used for the good. Social Networking free essay sample Social networking services serves as a big platform to create social relationships. People who have common interest idea, activities, backgrounds and real-life connections connect with each other through social networking sites or services. It connects people from one end to another end of the world very easily with internet connections. With improvement in technology in mobile phones through introduction o androids and smart phones, social networking services and used widely by all age group people. This was made much easier for people who do not have a desktop or a laptop. Pocket internet services, available in different package based on time period, memory and data usage, given by the service providers helps peoples for a budgetary internet usage. Students using social networking sites have negative impact. The student’s motivational level reduces due to the use of these social networking sites. They rely on the virtual environment instead of gaining practical knowledge from the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Networking or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This puts them in a separate world where there is a severe lack of face-to-face communication. Problem Statement The world is today celebrating the improvements in communication technology which has broadened the scope of communication through Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs). Ufuophu and Ayobami (2012:129) observe that the ICTs include internet, satellite, cable data transmission and computer assisted equipment. Social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations which are tied (connected) by one or more specific types of interdependency, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike, sexual relationships or relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige (Adeboye, 2012, cited in Asemah and Edegoh,2012). Social networking sites include: Yahoo Messenger, Facebook Messenger, Blackberry Messenger (BBM), Twitter, Youtube and so on. These networking sites are used by most people to interact with old and new friends, physical or internet friends (Adeboye, 2012, cited in Asemah and Edegoh, 2012). The expansion in technology has also affected internet software, thus leading to chatting sites known by the name â€Å"social media†. With social networking sites, one can send and receive messages almost immediately. However, lack of regulation of the internet has led to its excessive use. McQuail (2008:154) avers that the internet penetrates more homes. It is a common sight to see a youth chatting in sensitive and highly organized places like church and lecture venues. Some are so carried away that even as they are walking along the high way, they keep chatting. The manufacturing and distribution of equally sophisticated cellular phones has complicated the situation, as youths no longer need to visit a cybercafe before they send and receive messages. Attention has been shifted from visible to invisible friends, while important ventures like study and writing are affected in the process. This phenomenon has become a source of worry to many who believe in knowledge and skill acquisition. The emergence of social media as a result of advancement in technology and expansion in internet software has raised eye brows among academics on its (social media) impacts on studies. Students at all levels of learning now have divided attention to studies, as a result of available opportunities to be harnessed from social media. Whether these opportunities promote studies is a question that needs to be answered. Thus, the problem this study investigates is the effect of social media networks on the academic performance of the students.

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buy custom Hospitality Industry in the UK essay Introduction The hospitality industry or sector includes a wide field of businesses within the service industry which comprises of restaurants, transportation, lodging, cruise line, event planning, and theme parks, as well as businesses within the wider field of tourism industry. The hospitality industry in the UK is considered a multibillion dollar industry that has been one of the key drivers of the UKs economy. The industry is dependable on availability of disposable income and leisure time. Business units within the wider hospitality sector such as hotels, parks, restaurants, and bars, among others, consist of a number of different groups that are concerned with daily management and operations. These groups take account of those in charge of direct operation (bartenders, housekeepers, servers, kitchen workers, and porters, among others), facility management, marketing, human resources, and management. The hospitality sector includes a wide variety of organizations which provide accommodation and food service. The UKs hospitality industry is divided into various sectors which are based on required skill-sets for a particular work involved. These sectors range from accommodation, meeting and events, tourism services, entertainment and recreation, food and beverage, and gaming (Page Connell, 2006). Overview of the Hospitality Industry in UK The UK hospitality industry has tremendously grown over the past few years. The growth is particularly evident in the increasing availability of opportunities in the labour market designed for both local and international graduates. According to a report documented by the British Hospitality Association (2010), the UK catering and hospitality industry comprises of more than 263,000 outlets and has more than 1.7 million employees. More than 270,500 people are found in other sectors including gambling, travel and tourist services, youth hostels, holiday parks, and attractions. While it is hard to find the official registry of UKs hotel rooms, in 2000, it was estimated that there were approximately 101, 268 hotel rooms within and around the Greater London (PriceWaterHouseCoopers, 2009). In addition, according to figures released to support London Olympics bid, it was reported that within a 10 km radius of Central London there were over 70,000 hotel rooms found in both three and five stars hotels. The growth in the hospitality industry has been particularly boosted by the expected huge demand for leisure during the upcoming 2012 London Olympic Games. Due to this, there has been an increase in the number of hotels rooms in and around the City of London. According to PriceWaterHouseCoopers (2009), the West End of London (for example in Mayfair) is particularly concentrated with luxury hotels, resorts, and other leisure and holiday facilities. However, despite this huge growth in recent times, in the hospitality industry especially in the hotel sector, it was noted that the majority five star hotels in London are small in size according to the international standards. For instance, most five star hotels in London have rooms ranging from 50 and 500 hotels (PriceWaterHous eCoopers, 2009). Some of these hotels include London Hilton, St. Martins Lane Hotel, the Savoy, and the Four Season London, among others. According to the British Hospitality Association (2010), the most profitable hotels and facilities in UK are found in London around the five major airports. Gatwick and Heathrow Hotels have particularly been successful in registering high and consistent room occupancies besides providing conference facilities. However, the major players in the UKs hospitality industry in the recent times have been spotted in the branded budget hotel segment. It was noted that the growth of the branded hotels began in 2002 and reached its peak in 2007, when more than 70 percent of available hotel rooms (more than 71,000 rooms) were provided by the branded budget hotels in the UK. It is the rise and high demand fo branded hotels that has greatly transformed the UKs hospitality industry in terms of growth and market share. The notable player in the branded hotel segment has been the Intercontinental Hotel through a number of its subsidiaries in UK. Through acquisition of UKs Holiday Inn Express, Interco ntinental Hotel has been a constant player in the hospitality industry of UK; however, it has faced competition from other players in this industry. The competition for the market share in the UK hospitality industry is quite dynamic and interesting; especially as the 2012 London Olympics are fast approaching. The growth in the market share has particularly been witnessed in the branded budget hotel sector of the wider hospitality industry. The leading branded budget hotels in the UK are Travelodge, Premium Inn, and Holiday Inn Express. According to a report released pertaining to the current growth of budget hotels in UK, it was estimated that about 54 new branded budget hotels were opened in 2010 , this created more than 5,440 new rooms last year alone (HotStats and Hotel Analyst, 2011). Travelodge was ranked as the fastest expanding budget hotel chain in the year 2010. This was followed by an addition of more than 3,830 new rooms to the hotels portfolio, making it to be the one of the largest operator of budget hotel in London and also across the UK. However, despite this enormous growth in the year 2010, Travelodge could only manage a second position in terms of market share. The leading player in the budget hotel segment is Premier Inn which has about 37 percent of the market share in UK compared to Travelodge which has only 27 percent share of the UKs market. Premier Inn continues to lead in market share despite of having added only 1,043 rooms in the year 2010. Holiday Inn Express which was ranked third as the UKs largest operator with a market share of 11 per cent could only manage to add 540 new rooms during 2010 (British Hospitality Association, 2010). According to Delloite (n.d), UK still ranks behind the world major economies in terms of growth in the branded budget hotels. For instance, UKs branded budget hotel has only 16 percent of the market share compared to USA and France which have 33 percent and 25 percent of market share respectively. Nevertheless, the UKs hospitality industry and hotel sector in particular, has been rapidly growing and shifting towards branded budget accommodation supply. For example, for the last four years, the branded budget hotel in UK gained more than 35 percent in market share, making it to be one of the fastest growing sectors of the hospitality industry in the UK in recent times. Going by its current growth rate, it is projected that branded budget hotels will squeeze out all independent and mid-market brands in the UK by 2030. It is also worth to note that the exponential growth emerged despite of the economic meltdown of 2008 and its aftermaths. As noted above, Travelodge has been particularly dominant in driving up this change. However, the entry of Intercontinental Hotel through Holiday Inn Express has also soared up the growth in branded budget market share within the wider hospitality industry. Travelodge alongside Premier Inn and Holiday Inn Express have been the key players in the changes witnessed in the UK hospitality industry. For instance, the growth in the branded budget hotels in the UK has been realized through the opening of more and more new hotels across Britain. These major industry players not only rely on building or developing new facilities but also on acquiring and converting run-down independent as well as mid-market hotels. For instance, more than 9,520 hotels rooms have been created through the 131 hotels that have been opened by Travelodge alone since 2008. However, Delloite (n.d.)., notes that 40 percent of these new branded budget facilities consisted of run-down independent and mid-market brand hotels that were acquired and directly converted. The emergence of the brand budget hotel within the wider hospitality industry has been a game changer in UKs hospitality market. Traditionnally, the hospitality industry was known to particularly focus on the provision of physical products. However, the players have soon realized that consumers are demanding more and more consistency in the delivery of a specific brand promise. Moreover, with the upscale to leisure and luxury segments, players in the hospitality industry will soon discover that experiential dimension will be a key determinant in gauging the success of a brand and designing the finer details of a product. On the other hand, consumers were traditionally believed to have negative connotations towards small size hotels or budget hotels; however, this is rapidly changing as there is increased perception of this segment in terms of efficiency, good experience, and affordability (Delloite, n.d.). This change in consumer perception as well as market dynamics has not only cha nged business operations in the UKs hospitality industry but also has continued to particularly transform the hospitality industry and hotel sector. The growth of the branded budget hotel segment in terms of market share in the recent years has prompted increased activities within the hotel sector in the UK. Both local and international operators in the hospitality industry are increasingly changing their game plans to compete for the huge potential in the branded budget accommodation market share. In other words, the growth of branded budget hotels as a new segment within the broader hospitality industry has not only overwhelmed the operators in the hospitality industry, but also the market behaviour of major players both locally and internationally. This is evident in how the leading players, Premier Inn and Travelodge, have been aggressive towards the market share and the entry of international hospitality operations into the UK market (notably Intercontinental Hotel). The hospitality industry is being redefined with not only new innovations and concepts but also with strategies that ensure players remain competitive and profitable in the market. The changing perceptions of the consumers, the market dynamics and operators innovativeness, and the modern business units in the UKs hospitality industry (particularly those in the hotel sectors) are being forced to take a different turn that is completely different to the earlier practices. For instance, it is common these days to find mini full- service hotels operating and providing business class products and services to a wide range of customers. These hotels have basic facilities targeting business travellers who may be looking for a particular market segment that caters for the needs of mid-rank business executives as well as price-sensitive corporate bodies. The hospitality industry has been influenced by the increased growth of the branded budget hotel segment which has enhanced competition coupl ed with good service, increased professionalism, ambience, and style. With the current trends and growth rate of branded budget hotels in UK, it is projected that business units within the hospitality industry will be required to align their products and services with the new market dynamics for their continued success and profitability. Conclusion The hospitality industry is one of the key drivers of the UKs economy that has grown in the past few decades. However, one of the key sectors in this industry has been the hotel sector which has contributed immensely to the growth of the hospitality industry in the UK. Within the hotel sector, the branded budget hotel segment, is continuously transforming the hospitality industry as a whole and the hotel sector in particular. Going by the rate of growth in branded budget hotel segment in the UK (in terms of market share estimated at 16 percent), operators in the hospitality industry will particularly be forced to redefine their business practices and operations in order to remain competitive and successful in the UKs market. This will call for embracing of new concepts, strategies, and innovations that are efficient, affordable, and able to provide first-class experience to their customers. Buy custom Hospitality Industry in the UK essay

Performance Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Performance Management Systems - Essay Example The tools to help manage and track performance management across organizations have been in place for considerably less time. In fact, most of the oldest of those in use today have only been on the market a little longer than five years. Systematizing the performance management systems has its benefits. Taking into account the case of Saba's Enterprise Performance solutions, it offers the following advantages: First, it focuses people on strategic initiatives, such as responding to new competitors, launching a product, or investing in a new line of business. The identification of strategic initiatives and making it visible across the organization shapes the goals and the competencies required for each individual in the organization. Beneath these are operational objectives that focus on what you need to do to achieve strategic aims. Prioritizing these will identify key areas of activity and areas where additional effort or resource will be directed to deliver improvement. Operational priorities will influence the decisions that managers make on a yearly, monthly and even daily basis. Second, it helps organizations execute on their business strategy by focusing people on strategic initiatives resulting to goal alignment of individual activities and organizational goals. One of the biggest challenges that organizations face in developing their personnel for maximum business gains is aligning development efforts with the organization's goals. In a recent survey by Bersin & Associates, 60% of training managers indicated that their biggest challenge was to be sure their efforts were aligned with the company's business strategy. In fact, the idea of performance management is to combine the viewpoints of the organization, the individual, and the environment. Third, it offers performance assessment capabilities designed to increase the productivity of individuals and the overall organization. Top performing organizations combine performance and improvement in a single agenda, often establishing a senior management group with responsibility for both. These groups, sometimes including executive portfolio holders, take responsibility for: regularly monitoring and acting on key performance indicators that reflect corporate priorities, setting standards for performance and expectations of when action needs to be taken identifying tolerances for performance , asking challenging questions about performance , ensuring that there are robust action plans to address under-performance, redirecting resources where necessary , following up planned actions, ensuring they have led to improvement , and sending out a clear signal that performance and improvement are being taken seriously at the highest level. Lastly, it focuses learning resources on organizational and competitive goals. To be successful today, organizations must focus on understanding who they are and where they want to go (the vision and mission), setting clear expectations of the outcomes to be achieved by the organization (goals and objectives) and describing how people should perform their roles to deliver the vision, mission and goals (the competency system). Having a clear direction and defined outcomes doesn't seem to be sufficient to drive

Movie The Corporation Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Corporation - Movie Review Example It goes as far as damaging the environment and hurting clients and employees. The corporation is controlling everything and it is pompous, always insisting that it is the number one, or is the best. It feels no shame, refuses to take blame for its actions, and has no compassion. It connects to others merely on the surface, through made-up versions of itself put on by marketing men and public-relations consultants. To sum up, if the image of the corporation as human is a valid one, then the corporation really is a psychopath. Anti-globalization people have an inclination to demonize industry captains. However, per the movie, the problem with firms is not usually on the people who run them. A former Shell big-boss, Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, appears in the movie as a humane and compassionate person. At one point, he and his wife welcomed the demonstrators camped on the front lawn of their house and offered them tea. They even apologized for the lack of soy drink for the vegetarians among the demonstrators. Also in this movie, Goodyear's boss, Sam Gibara, was given time to express his viewpoints. Every aspect of the film was neutral so it is apparent that it was given a balanced edit.

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 3 Case Essay

MHE503 Survey of Emergency and Disaster Mgt Module 3 Case - Essay Example The difference was particularly set through the existence of SDOF or Single Degree of Freedom which is a system used to prepare structures for upcoming possibilities of seismic activities from the earth's ground. In Kobe Japan, the preparation has been focused upon the evacuation of the people.1 Practically, they failed to see through the ten-fold preparation even before tragedies occur. Meanwhile, the Northridge Earthquake in California has created a more sophisticated process of saving the buildings even before the tragedy took place. 2This is one particular difference in the occurrence of earthquake control between the two places in consideration herein. Basically, preparing buildings for their capacity of facing tragedies such as earthquakes could be a huge matter of consideration to avoid bigger levels of tragedies from happening.3 On the part of the buildings in Northridge California, it has been reported that the four structures present in the area had been further examined for their capabilities of facing possible tragedies and were noted to have the following rate of integrity in facing seismic activities in the ground. The levels of integrity had been presented as follows: As seen from this particular figure, the level of isolation that the building has in terms of facing seismic activities in the area could be considered really stro... e tragedy, something that has not been given careful attention to by the administrators in the KOBE Earthquake control before occurrence of the tragedy in consideration. 2. Describe important components to include in a mitigation strategy for managing earthquake risk. As resulted from the research and study considered in this paper, it could be considered that preparation on the part of the builders of the structures is a very important matter to give attention to. Through this practical pre-emptive process, the tragedies that could happen during earthquakes could be well controlled and managed. It could be noted that through the different preparatory procedures taken into serious consideration by the administrators of the structural building approaches, the possible chances of tragedies occurring in the future could be taken away from the level of worries that masks the modern buildings and the towering heights of the structures in the modern community of human society today. With this precaution taken into consideration, millions of lives and properties could be saved from devastation. From this point of discussion, it could be realized how the different options of mitigation could be given careful attention through taking precautionary steps years before the possible occurrence of tragedies and accidents especially involving structures and buildings. Today, especially with the utilization of modern technology, structural arrangements used to practically create measures of protection and preparation could be easily given attention to, allowing chances of being saved from tragic ends of natural disasters a better choice for most people living within the area where the event is concentrated. References: BCJ (Building Center of Japan), 1997, "Menshin Kozou

The Letter From A Birmingham Jail | Analysis

The Letter From A Birmingham Jail | Analysis Beyond the story of how this famous letter was written, its importance consisted in the defense that makes Martin Luther King of this movement of non-violence and civil resistance, as well as the defense of the methods used by the African American culture against actions of segregationist maintained for centuries by the white community who inhabited the southern of United States. This letter is in itself, the summary of the movement against racism and part of the struggle of a great movement in the United States in favor of civil rights that developed in the early 60s. In this letter, Martin Luther King is trying to convince a large majority of people that segregation has a negative impact on the community and trying to report the racial difference that African Americans are suffering in the United States. For this purpose, Martin Luther King Jr mainly uses logic and emotion to describe the agony of African-American people who have to live in a racist society. Throughout the letter h e showed eloquence and knowledge of the issues of the colored people. Martin Luther King mainly uses the logic and the emotion in his letter, but he also makes use of ethics to illustrate some problems of that society. Through the use of these resources he was able to explain to the world the segregation that African American people were living at that time. The letter especially tries to be focused on the themes related to the segregation of the Afro-American population taking critical points such as the phases of the not violent action, the need of the peaceful provocation, the response to the accusations of extremism, the Churchs attitude toward social injustices. Martin Luther King used Jr. prose full of logic and extremely powerful examples to convey a basic message that injustice cannot succeed if those who fight for justice are willing to suffer for defending it. He sets an example that justice is only for the benefit of some, and when it comes over a colored person there is no justice. Their arguments are at the same academic level, social and religious that the majority of their opponents. It is due to the low or zero response from the authorities and the community in general that the Civil Rights Movement decides to launch a campaign of direct action, which it was based on implementing different forms of peaceful demonstration such as economic boycott, and sit-ins in those establishments in which segregationist actions were held against the Afro-American. These forms of expression intended to create a state of tension without resort to violence. For Martin Luther King, the negotiation is definitely the key concept of peaceful civil resistance and to reach this place, it is necessary as a last resort the direct action. In Birmingham, the economic boycott against traders responded to the use of the last recourse used by Martin Luther King to fight against racial signs that were displayed by the white community in their establishments. Despite segregation was prohibited the reality under the acts for African Americans was very different. This kind of social discrimination was completely internalized in the white community; manifested in all possible forms and types within the daily lives of Americans southern towns. The African American community was tired of waiting to justice and double standards for the a pplication of the law, which is a conscious act of the last 340 years of the history of the African American community this allowed them to require proper use and application of the law, but it also allowed them to break the laws that are unfair; an unjust law is no such law as written on this letter by Martin Luther King paraphrasing St. Thomas Aquinas. Hence that disobedience to the laws and ordinances of segregation match historically with other movements such as of the Gandhi. In this letter, Martin Luther King described in a strong sense the emotions and feelings that afro Americans lived. He tries to show people the negative effect of segregation. Martin Luther King wrote about the emotional impact that represented among colored people live through such harsh conditions; For this, he puts concrete examples such as when you see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society; when you suddenly find your tongue twisted and your speech stammering as you seek to explain to your six year old daughter why she cannot go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised on television, and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ . Throughout the letter can be seen a progressive rise in tone when he writes words like injustice it does so with greater emphasis, showing which words are most sal ient in his letter and what concepts revolve around the racial problem experienced by African Americans. Furthermore, when write of the unfair treatment that afro Americans suffer when faced with the laws of the whites, notably Martin Luther King expresses his discomfort, thus giving more drama and excitement to his words; just as when he writes of women, children, and old, trying to sensitize people. Martin Luther King seeks to engage readers in the letter so that they feel the tension of the situations experienced by colored people, while asking them to keep fighting for their ideals. Another example is when he criticizes the police force because they mistreat colored people regardless of age or sex, and gives the example of when he was in jail and saw the injustice committed by the police. For this, he uses a highly detailed description of what he saw: I doubt that you would so quickly commend the policemen if you were to observe their ugly and inhumane treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you were to watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you were to see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys; if you were to observe them, as they did on two occasions, refuse to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together. With this example, he tried to make people who did not go through this suffering understand the reasons of why colored people needed a fair law of no discrimination. For Dr. King, the differentiation between a just and an unjust law becomes of the moral and Christian ethics, so in the words of Dr. King A just law is a man made code That Squares with the moral law or the law of God. This is a religious tinge that highlights the thinking and action of the Civil Rights movement headed by Martin Luther King, and sets it apart from other movements such as the Muslim movement of Elijh Muhammad that it was a more radical movement. However, they agreed on the fact of the struggle for equal rights regardless of the color of the skin. In another hand, Martin Luther King also criticized the ethics and morals of the white churches and challenges them in welcoming African Americans to Their worship service on a no segregated basis. Even in his essay criticizes the moral character of the reverends of his time who had no respect for colored people. In his famous letter,Martin Luther King Jr claims to some clergymen, the little knowledge or having a lot of ignor ance about the movement for civil rights, regrets the ethics of a state seeking through silence suppression motion, and deplores the approach adopted by the religious authorities of Birmingham City; in the words of Martin Luther King, Birmingham is probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States, For this reason Martin Luther King Jr chose this city to undertake different types of peaceful actions in order to put an end to the prevailing racism. In conclusion, Martin Luther King in his Letter from Birmingham Jail confesses that he feels extremely disappointed with the white community that ignores the suffering of African Americans, who promise equality but after all cannot fulfill their promise, of the police force instead of enforcing the laws violate the laws, and the clergymen who do not enforce the divine laws. In Birmingham, they used a variety of methods of nonviolent direct action, including occupations of buildings, and local churches protests, but the city got a court order to suppress all these protests. With the conviction that the order was unconstitutional, the campaign challenged it and prepared for the detention of his supporters. Martin Luther King was chosen to be among those arrested. The congruence of his principles and arguments that demonstrated such as logic and emotion gave him the moral to ask to disobey a law that in a text can be fair but in practice never took place. The movement of Martin Luther K ing against the common practice of segregation in the southern United States, and specifically in the case of Birmingham Alabama, determined in part the future of the Civil Rights action in the United States, because it showed the injustice of which were subject the African American community. The civil disobedience and peaceful resistance practiced against racist and segregationist South in the United States; showed further innovation in the methods of resistance that allowed the start of a gradual change in the application of justice and, therefore, once again the construction of a truly democratic society, plural and equal to all Americans. Throughout his essay Martin Luther King tries to state the purpose of his letter that are injustice and inequality. I think he had a significant impact on his readers because he could combine two important points in this essay the logic and emotion. He used emotion giving examples of how white people treated colored people and used logic with evidence demonstrating the truth. The combinations of these two elements had as a result a clear and concise essay that can convince of their arguments to the majority of its readers.

Freedom :: essays research papers fc

Freedom? Kate Chopin's The Awakening is a story of Edna Pontellier, wife and mother. It is a novel about the choices one will makes to protect one's personal freedom. The story is based on a time in history when women did just what they were expected to do. They were expected to be good daughters, good wives, and good mothers. A woman was expected to move from the protection of her father's roof to the protection of her husband. Edna, our protagonist, doesn’t fit this mold. She searches to find her place in a constraining society, one that doesn’t allow for a woman to have freedom. Personal freedom is freedom from the confines of society, oneself, and finally freedom within one’s soul. As the book begins, Edna is a married woman who seems vaguely satisfied with her life, and cannot find true happiness. She is bound by the confines of a loveless marriage, unfulfilled, unhappy, and locked away like a caged bird. During her summer at Grand Isle she is confronted with herself in her truest nature, and she is swept away by passion and love for someone she cannot have, Robert Lebrun. She begins to realize that she can play roles other than wife and mother. We watch as she struggles to determine how to act on the things she is feeling, the eternal conflict she is dealing with. She wants to understand her need for personal freedom, a freedom that questions conventional demands of both men and women. We watch in the novel as Edna finds her freedom initially in the ocean. In the beginning she does not know how to swim, but she learns and through this learning feels what it is like to have freedom. In the water she is not captive and held down by the world around her. She sees she is capable of doing this on her own, that she is strong and powerful and independent. Edna’s self-discovery awakens her, and she is able to greet her own soul, a soul filled with passion, sexuality, and strength. The images of nature, which serve as a symbol for freedom of the soul, are brought about when Edna speaks of growing up on a Mississippi plantation where life was simple, blissful, and peaceful. Edna remembers life when she was young, engulfed in nature and freedom, â€Å"The hot wind beating in my face made me think-without any connection that I can trace-of a summer day in Kentucky, of a meadow that seemed as big as the ocean to the very little girl walking through the grass, which was higher than her waist.

Literature Review and Conceptyal Framework

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework Juvenile Diversion Programs/IPS Julie I Carter Capella University PSF8374-Currenr Research on Violent Behavior Dr.Rob Hanser LITERATURE REVIEW 2 Literature Review and Conceptual Framework History The history of diverting arrested juveniles from formal processing began with the birth of the juvenile courts. Conceived in the late 19th century, juvenile justice provided for a rehabilitation-based response to juveniles’ illegal behavior.Punitive sanctions being received by youth in criminal courts were being set aside in the juvenile courts. Thus, in its infancy, juvenile justice could be construed as a â€Å"diversion program†. Considered to be in the best interest of the juvenile and society, juvenile justice diverted youth from criminal proceedings by providing dispositions that were more attuned to the potential to change the young offender’s behavior, and lives through clinical servi ces, special rehabilitation programs, and tight educational guidance. (Models, 2010) First adopted by the adult criminal justice system, was the idea of diversion.This idea became the topic of discussion within the juvenile justice system in the 1960’s. The President’s Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice recommended exploring alternatives for addressing the needs of troubled juveniles outside of the court system in 1967. In 76, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Special Emphasis Branch supplied 10 million dollars in funding specifically for the development of diversion programs. These efforts were strictly driven by the belief that these types of programs would yield many enefits, such as allowing juveniles the option to choose an alternative to court, providing more treatment at the community level, increasing family participation, and most important, reducing the â€Å"stigma† associated with the formal juvenile j ustice system. (Models, 2010) As diversion has been practiced and even discussed for nearly four decades, some would contend that there is little consistency in the terms of what actually constitutes a diversion process or program, they do however agree on the common goal among these programs which is to minimize the juveniles’ involvement in the juvenile justice system.LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Theoretical Concepts As measured by program evaluations and follow-up studies, the effectiveness of diversion programs has varied greatly from one program to the next. The successful programs, such as the Intensive Prevention Services (IPS) initiative in Philadelphia, provide very direct services that include but are not limited to parenting education, intensive family counseling, and behavioral contracting.One of the main concepts that gave birth to the development of this program was the labeling perspective. This theory or perspective, if you will, argues that juveniles who commit mino r offences become habitual offenders due to being singled out for negative recognition. This has been noted as creating and reinforcing the juvenile’s, as well as society’s view, that they are criminals. Diversion programming then is designed to assist in avoiding these negative labels that accompany formal case processing. Roberts, 2004) In 1979, Paternoster, et al. explored the extent to which juveniles discriminate between formal court processing that results in incarceration and informal diversion processing with reference to perceptions of accrued stigma and/or liabilities. The perception of the juveniles was measured in terms of school performance; parental relationships, relationships with peers; desired employment, and future involvement with the law. (Blomberg, n. d. The findings indicated only in the peer relationships area was there a notable difference between the perceptions of diverted and incarcerated juveniles. When control was made for the effects of p rior social liabilities, such as social class or race, the results remained constant. Therefore one could conclude that to the extent perceptions of stigma have implications for subsequent behavior, it makes little difference whether or not juveniles receive diversion or formally imposed jail time.In simple terms, the type of treatment would appear to not be significant in shaping self-perceptions. (Blomberg, n. d. ) LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Supporters of diversion continue to argue that programs are less stigmatizing than formal court involvement, provide juveniles with services that they would not have otherwise received, and result in reductions in the rate of recidivism.In contrast, opponents argue that diversion programs have extended social control to juveniles who would ordinarily be released back to the community, may actually increase recidivism, do not prevent stigmatation, and can lead to the disproportionate representation of minorities. As Akers (1994) explains, the labelin g theory pushes forward the thesis that persons who are labeled and/or dramatically stigmatized as deviant, are more than likely to take on a deviant self-identity and become more, rather than less deviant than if they had not been so labeled.Theoretically, a label of deviant, juvenile offender or delinquent can affect the way that a juvenile comes to define him/herself which influences future criminal behaviors, and dictates the social roles the juvenile is allowed to assume. (Dick, Pence, Jones & Geertsen, 2004) With that noted, some research has also suggested that diversion actually increases recidivism, however early studies found little or no difference in the recidivism rates between diverted and non-diverted youth.Yet still others have found that, regardless of the setting, interventions can as well increase â€Å"perceived† labeling and self-reported delinquency among youth. (Elliott, Dunford & Knowles, 1978) What was found to be consistent with the last group of fin ding was the work done latter by Lemet (1981) that suggest that these treatment interventions can impose stigma on juveniles which leads to secondary deviance. This study would be responsible for raising the possibility that diversion programs may widen the net of the state system by taking in juveniles who otherwise may have not come into contact with the system.What is important to point out here is that many of these studies were flawed due to the difficulties researchers encountered when constructing comparison groups for the purpose of evaluation. LITERATURE REVIEW 5 Contemporary Research There have been so many different policies called â€Å"diversion† that the term has come to cover polices as diverse as doing nothing to programs indistinguishable from the existing practices of juvenile justice.While these policies have produced better procedural justice for juveniles, reduced the detained and institutionalized population of juveniles placing them under the jurisdict ion of state and/or local family service agencies, these polices have not resulted in the intended changes in the behaviors of the diverted youth. (Akers & Sellers, 2009) Recent studies on diversion programs have produced more positive results. In fact, in a study of the Detention Diversion Advocacy Project it was found that juveniles that were diverted to diversion programs were less likely than their counterparts to be referred to out-of-home placement. Sheldon, 1999) In Michigan an evaluation of their state diversion project yielded that juveniles that were randomly assigned to one of the several diversion program strategy groups were significantly less likely to have any court petitions filed against them during the two years following release from the program compared to the control group. The results shown here cannot help but suggest that the â€Å"active† hands on intervention provided by diversion programming works better that the normal process of court processing j uvenile offenders. The catch, it works best if they have been thoroughly separated from the system. Davidson, Redner, Blakely, Mitchell & Emshoff, 1987) There is a wealth of evaluations of pretrial diversionary programs, and more comprehensive literature about the pretrial diversion field is dated. One of the critical challenges noted for the criminal justice field is developing and cataloging an appropriate research design for diversion programs. Researchers in the field need to actively pursue this challenge in order to determine the scope, as well as the worth of diversion programming in the criminal justice community. (Bellassai, Galloway.Hubbard, Oeller & Sayler, 2006) LITERATURE REVIEW 6 In Philadelphia, there are several emerging practices in the diversion program initiative. First they have implemented written policies and procedures for diversion programs that are backed by a formal mission statement. This is deemed as critical as a clearly defined and articulated mission statement, goals, and objectives are the cornerstone of effective programs.In a survey conducted by the National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies, nearly 90% of all respondents in their study had written policies and procedures in place. (Bellassai et al. , 2006) Nationwide, pretrial diversion concepts have found increased legitimacy. Nearly all states now have pretrial statues that have either been enacted or updated since 2000, and are as diverse as diversion programs themselves. Diversion program today tend to feature a wider array of programs that are more diverse than their predecessors in practice, and administrative location.However, these programs are still united by the ultimate goal of offering viable alternatives to juveniles whose criminal behaviors are addressed much more effectively outside the realm of traditional case processing. (Bellassai, 2006) Recommendations The biggest challenge to pretrial diversion programs and criminal justice planners is the lack of the strong research that is needed in the field.One accomplishment of such a broad-based study would be the examination of the nature of the relationship with the theory of labeling and the potential synergy within the current problem-solving court model. The benefit here would come as such a study would be enumerable and provide an evidenced-based foundation for communities to make sound decisions about diversion programming. (Bellassai. 2006) LITERATURE REVIEW 7 References Akers, R.L. & Sellers, C. S. (2009) Criminological Theories. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Bellassai, J. , Galloway, K. , Hubbard, A. , Oeller, C. & Sayler, J. (2006) Promising practices in pretrial diversion. Retrieved November 10, 2012 from http://www. ojp. usdoj. gov/BJA/about/index. html Blomberg, T. G. (n. d. ) Widening the net: An anomaly in the evaluation of diversion programs. Retrieved November, 9, 2012 from http://www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/blomberg/netwidening. html Davidson, W. S. , Redner, R. , Blakely, C. H. Mitchell, C. M. & Emshoff, J. G. (1987) Diversion of juvenile Offenders: An experimental comparison. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 55(1) 68-75 Dick, A. J. , Pence, D. J. , Jones, R. M. & Geertsen, H. R. (2004) The need for theory in assessing peer courts. American Scientist 47:1448-61 Elliot, D. S. , Dunford, F. W. & Knowles, B. A. (1978) A Study of Alternative Processing Practices: An Overview of Initial Study Findings. Boulder, CO: B. R. Institute Models for Change Systems: Reform in Juvenile Justice, July 2010.Retrieved from http://www. modelsforchange. net Paternoster, R. , Waldo, G. , Chiricos, T. & Anderson, L. (1979) The Stigma of Diversion: Labeling in the Juvenile Justice System. Beverly Hills. CA: Sage Publications Roberts, A. R. (2004) Emergence and proliferation of juvenile diversion programs. New York, NY: Oxford University Press Sheldon, R. G. (1999) Detention Diversion Advocacy: An Evaluation. Juvenile Justice Bulletin . Washington, D. C. : U. S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile and Delinquency Prevention.

Plymouth Colony and Borderlands Virginia Company

British crown and that were granted full rights of galvanometers Royal Colonies a colony ruled or administered by officials appointed by and responsible to the reigning sovereign of the parent state. Ought salvation; did not follow traditional religion; sought freedom (right to worship without interference from England or from establish heed churches Plymouth Plantation lays outside the London Company's territory; no legal basis for settling there; William Bradford chosen again and again to be the â€Å"Plymouth plantation† governor; 1621 : persuaded the Council for New England to give them legal permission to live there; ended the communal labor program, distributed land among families, and made â€Å"all all hands very industrious† Mayflower Compact (importance) n agreement to establish a government, entered into by the Pilgrims in the cabin of the Mayflower on November 1 1, 1620. Massachusetts Bay Company designed to take advantage of opportunities in America; transf ormed itself into a colonial government John Winthrop governor of Mass. Bay Company; affluent, university educated gentleman with a deep piety and a forceful character.Puritan Dissent Roger Williams engaging but controversial young minister who lived in Salem, MA; Separatist; Massachusetts church should abandon all allegiance to Church of England; complete separation of church and state Anne Hutchinson intelligent woman from Boston family; women rights in society; antagonized the leaders of the colony by arguing that the members of the MA clergy who were not among the â€Å"elect† that had not undergone a conversion experience, had no right to spiritual office Restoration Colonies Peugeot War & King Phillips War (Metabolic) English settlers allied with the Meghan and Narragansett Indians (rivals of the Bequests); marched against the Possess, almost wiping them out William Penn Dominion of New England

Philosophy of Early Childhood Essays

Philosophy of Early Childhood Essays Philosophy of Early Childhood Essay Philosophy of Early Childhood Essay My doctrine of Early childhood instruction is based on research that indicates that a child’s growing is developmental. Every kid is alone in footings of life experiences. developmental preparedness. and cultural heritage. A high quality early childhood plan that provides a safe and nurturing environment. which promotes physical. societal. emotional. linguistic communication and cognitive development will guarantee a positive continuance of the child’s instruction procedure. The National Association for the Education of Young Children states that high quality. developmentally appropriate plans should be available for all kids. Bredekamp. S. . and T. Rosegrant. 1992. Reaching Potentials: Introduction. In S. Bredekamp and R. Rosegrant ( Eds. ) . Reaching Potentials: Appropriate Curriculum and Assessment for Young Children. * vol. 1. pp. 2-8. Washington. D. C. : National Association for the Education of Young Children. This is a statement that I steadfastly believe in and trust to integrate in my instruction calling. Young kids before the age of eight. hold an tremendous potency for growing and accomplishment. And it is my doctrine that they have to compensate to carry through their possibilities. A immature kid who is nurtured to make for his or her educational ends from an early age and has been instilled with assurance will go on to prosecute educational ends as he or she matures. 2. I have learned that an early childhood instructor vastly impacts the learning experience of the immature kids entrusted in his or her learning environment. Early childhood instructors make determinations each twenty-four hours on how best to show constructs to be learned. what is appropriate for a specific kid given that each kid comes to the larning centre from diverse backgrounds and demands and how to foster and back up turning development in each kid. As an early childhood instructor I would endeavor to supply information in a originative mode. prosecute kids in find and command of constructs and accomplishments. raising development of drama. and foster positive societal interaction between myself and the kids. 3 conceptual theoretical accounts that influence my doctrine of instruction: 1. John Dewey. What I find of involvement in Dewey’s theory is that Childhood has ways of seeing. thought. and experiencing. peculiar to itself. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Marxists. org/archive/novack/works/1960/x03. htm Dewey advocated that the demand to cognize comes from within the kid. Each kid has an unconditioned wonder that should be nurtured and developed. He believed that kids learn by making. This theory is good in an early childhood scene as that it encourages kids to research countries of involvement and to creatively spread out the cognition. 2. Jean Piaget: His research shows that kids cognitively develop in phases. His theory is the foundation for constructivist acquisition. Piaget’s theory emphasizes find acquisition and back uping the developing involvements of the kid using this theory in early childhood instruction I would I dispute the child’s abilities. but non present stuff or information that is excessively far beyond the child’s degree. I would besides utilize a broad assortment of concrete experiences to assist the kid learn. 3. Maria Montessori: The Montessori method of learning emphasiss that all kids have similar demands regardless of societal position or rational abilities. The Montessori Method is a manner about believing about who kids are. It is a doctrine that respects the alone individualism of each kid. By using this method. the Teachs does non compare a kid to norms or criterions that are measured by traditional educational systems. But alternatively this theory is founded on the belief that kids should be free to win and larn without limitation or unfavorable judgment. Following portion of inquiry I believe that each kid should come in an early childhood schoolroom with the outlook that he or she will hold a good twenty-four hours. It sounds simple but in world it is complex. As an early instruction instructor I will be interacting with kids who are coming with diverse backgrounds. larning abilities. societal. emotional and physical development. It will be a challenge to run into the demands and be supportive of this diverseness. In order to win in this end. my schoolroom would be welcoming to the kid. How is this accomplished? Child sized furniture placed in countries for the kids to work on undertakings ; rug countries so that the kids can creatively and comfortably play or look at books ; an country with ample supplies to fascinate developing imaginativenesss ; colourful postings to do the room visually delighting to a immature kid. But environment is merely portion of the educational experience that I would endeavor to show to early scholars. Give what I have learned about the different ways that kids learn and develop. lessons presented would prosecute the diverse larning methods of the kids so that each will be lead to understanding to the best of his or her ability. Young kids develop best when they experience credence of who they are. no affair what their abilities are. As an early childhood pedagogue I would endeavor to non merely allow my pupils know that they are portion of the schoolroom community. but that they are an of import and built-in member of our category.

Interwar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interwar - Essay Example Everybody concentrated on war, which subsequently bred mistrust among countries thereby paralyzing conducive relationships for business. Such precarious times discouraged effective economic activities resulting in a number of world economic disasters. One such disaster was the Great Depression; countries had concentrated all their efforts on the war. Countries had spent billions of dollars purchasing firearms and in the training soldiers, nobody at such times considered the economic repercussions of the exorbitant military spending that the world’s major economies such as the United States of American and the Soviet Union had undertaken. It is only after the war that the countries realized that they had spent more on military at the expense of other sectors of the economy. Furthermore, the war had bred unfriendly relationship between the countries. The regional alignment of countries resulted in the East locking themselves away from the Wets thereby curtailing all business rel ationships between the countries. ... â€Å"Before the war, while most European countries had acquired the constitutional governing systems of some kind, many of these were actually far from being actual democracies† (Martin 312).This implied that the countries had weaker economies and could not possibly afford the cost of the war. However, their participation on the war were inevitable and most countries invested larger amounts of both financial and human resources on the war at the expense of the economy. Combining the political instability of such countries to the implications of the war therefore resulted in a chaotic and unsustainable economic system thereby resulting in the great depression. The First World War lasted for three years a period within which minimal economic activity took place. The world took place in several battlegrounds such as Japan, Italy and Germany and in a number of countries within the Soviet Union. During the wars, such regions therefore became inaccessible and unconducive for any ec onomic activity such as either agriculture or trade. Furthermore, the concern of most governments was on how to save the civilians some of who were dying from the effects of the war and hunger. Three years without a reliable economic activity was likely to bear serious consequences on the countries including those not directly affected by the war. Countries therefore resorted to radical economic policies in the period preceding the war in an attempt to uplift their dwindling economies. The USSR for example implemented a five year plan through which it sought to revamp its economic power and in so doing alleviate the living standards of its people. â€Å"The party

Morality of punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Morality of punishment - Essay Example It is important to note that punishment should not be used as to serve an example but as fitting and appropriate for a criminal action. In any criminal proceeding, there is the burden of proof which most often falls upon the victim. It is known that in many circumstances hatred and thoughts of revenge are acceptable in the most heinous of criminal acts (Murphy). In questions of morality, we must examine the victim’s response to the action; does this response indicate to us some degree of what the victim has suffered in order to determine an appropriate deterring punishment? Victim hatred in most cases would lead the justice system more towards a retributive system and in securing these interests more libertarian beliefs may allow for social contractors to maintain a system of revenge beyond what is allowed. Herbert Morris is grounded in his belief that we have the right to punish as well as the criminal right to be punished (Morris). In claiming the right to be free we are in as much agreeing to the doctrines and laws that must followed in order to allow one to remain free. This paper will review and discuss some of the morality issues, questions, and beliefs concerning punishment from several angles. Morality of Punishment To distinguish punishment as an entity that is well defined and definitive is impossible. It is thought by Hegel that free will is such a thing that can have visible existence though it is realized only in the moment or instance that it is manifested; such as in violent actions, force, or in the decision to devoid other’s rights (Hegel, p 87, 2001). Free will is something considered destroyed by violent actions and a principle that is canceled by violence. It is the nature of the human mind to value honor above most other attributes. Kant states that those who commit murder should be inflicted the ultimate punishment of death yet in opposition of this humanity asserts that any capital punishment is wrongful and violates a conta ct of justice and civil behavior (Kant, & Gregor). Punishment is not suffered because one has willed it to be so; rather the individual has willed a punishable action. Crime is a negative judgment in its complete sense; while the right to injure is available, the consequences and punishments are defined. Injury is a right of the criminal and the expression of their inherent will demonstrates the freedom and liberties that are granted (Hegel) It is both reasonable and just that punishments are established and connected with violations of the rights of others (Morris). Those who violate established rules have renounced self-control or self-restraints. It is seen by some that Americans may do as they please provided there is no one willing or able to prove that their actions are fundamentally wrong. This creates situations where victims fall prey to the system and are accounted for by the burden of proof. This in itself constitutes the re-victimizing of a victim. Are criminals granted the right to be protected and shielded from the potential hate and desire for strong revenge from victims? Is this a constitutional or fundamental right that should be ensured in severe cases of victimization? Are victims expected to show little emotion, anger, rage or hatred towards their violator? (Murphy) Those intent on arguing against hatred and rage will state the emotions involved in these situations are